Reaction Paper to Amish in America Essay Example

Response Paper to Amish in America Paper Scratch Stratton Professor Taylor soc 204 May 13, 2013 Response Paper to Amish in America In our general public today, we have a wide range of gatherings, religions, societies, and even sub-societies. Every single one of these gatherings has their own ordinarily acknowledged lifestyle. Specifically, there is an enormous network of individuals who consider themselves the Amish. These individuals live in a general public where there are extremely exacting standards, qualities, and convictions that they follow regularly. Most current Americans would firmly dismiss the way of life picked by the Amish, so it can appear to be astonishing to discover that this gathering is really developing. For what reason is this conceivable? I accept the Amish are developing since they are moving toward a phase in their existence where they should adjust their ways or neglect to flourish. The Amish have consistently been a people of the old nation; they were shown a method of getting things done while as yet following a severe good and strict code. We will compose a custom article test on Reaction Paper to Amish in America explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Reaction Paper to Amish in America explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Reaction Paper to Amish in America explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer As indicated by the video that we watched in class, when they were doing the narrative on the Amish individuals, they just needed to be recorded in profile so as to have those outside their way of life accept they are each of the one homogenous gathering. Indeed, their strict confidence is at last the establishment for the explanation behind everything from what hello wear to what they drive. Since the time the day a kid is naturally introduced to an Amish family, they start the way toward preparing the kid to comply with their arrangement of qualities and convictions that characterizes their lifestyle. This socialization procedure is essential to their method of building a solid feeling of association with the remainder of their locale. As the young progress from youth to adulthood, as indicated by the video The America of the Amish, the teenagers are given a timeframe between the ages of 16 and 20 during which they are permitted to encounter numerous things outside the Amish culture and standards, unafraid of response. This timeframe is known as Rumspringa, fundamentally made an interpretation of from German to mean Jumping around. Be that as it may, not all Amish individuals were naturally introduced to the way of life. In the video, we saw a mother and two girls Join an Amish people group in the wake of leaving California and moving to Intercourse, Pennsylvania. I accept they did this on the grounds that the Amish life has a less difficult and increasingly direct method of getting things done. This permits individuals in the network to live a considerably more calm life. What's more, living in an Amish collective includes a feeling of wellbeing, security, and generally prosperity. As the Amish develop, they are encountering progressively current methods to ccomplish everyday errands. They still dont use power at the same time, not at all like when the older folks held unyieldingly to the recommended way, presently Amish individuals have grasped certain advances in innovation so as to build productivity in their day by day life. People have additionally grasped various methods of winning cash other than through rural methods on their own homestead site. One a valid example is Amish individuals running a remain at a neighborhood advertise utilizing power so as to make a pront unadulterated truth that the Amish are figuring out how to develop in todays society is the explanation I accept that the Amish people group all in all is developing in the United States.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay Example

Subjective Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay Example Subjective Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay Subjective Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and the Narrative Therapy model Essay The CBT Model and the Narrative Therapy model Name: Establishment: The CBT Model and the Narrative Therapy model One utilization of the Cognitive Behavioral Theory that may be utilized by a minister in directing or a treatment meeting is the A-B-C model (Yarhouse, 2008). In this methodology, the family treatment works with people in the family to expand mindfulness on how unreasonable convictions and mutilations brought about by specific activities or occasions fill in as the establishment for their passionate misery. Through this methodology, the family advisor can cause the people in the family to see how the enacting occasions (An) in a family relationship go before convictions (B) that lead to resulting feelings (C). This methodology can relate to the Christian family since it is in congruity with the standards of Christianity, which underline on the should know about the outcomes of one’s activities (Yarhouse, 2008). All in all, the convictions in the A-B-C approach don't allude to the convictions in Christianity; rather, they allude to convictions that are enacted by negative activ ities or occasions set moving by an individual’s activities. I would utilize the A-B-C model since it applies the presumptions set in the conduct family treatment model with an extra accentuation on an individual’s contemplations. This model puts the individual’s mental activity into thought by investigating its effect on an individual’s conduct (Yarhouse, 2008). To apply this model in advising or a treatment meeting, an advisor just adds intellectual parts to the social family treatment model. These intellectual parts are for the most part as unreasonable contemplations. With the intellectual parts set up, the way toward applying this model will be an orderly procedure that starts with formal appraisal to decide the useful investigation and the benchmark in the circumstance. A short time later, the specialist will apply this strategy trying to show up to an answer while placing into thought the family’s convictions (Yarhouse, 2008). The story treatment model doesn't place into thought the thoughts and musings that are gotten by Christian families from the Holy Bible. This treatment model puts more accentuation on singular stories from families when contrasted with social accounts, which have been predominant for a considerable length of time and ages passed. This has been principally a result of postmodernism, which permits this hypothesis to brush away any type of widespread facts drawn from strict settings (Yarhouse, 2008). In spite of the fact that the accounts from predominant societies may show up outlandish in their hypothetical cases and philosophical duties, this family treatment model isn't right in its presumption. It is absurd to endeavor to decrease a solid culture like Christianity into a minor point of view in the domain of family treatment. One can't legitimize the forswearing of the presence of metanarratives with postmodernism since they would negate themselves by accidentally ordering postmoder nism as a metanarrative simultaneously (Yarhouse, 2008). As I would see it, there are numerous reasons with regards to why the account family treatment model can never fit into the Christian structure. For example, this model will consistently challenge the major convictions and rules that Christianity has been based on and saved for a considerable length of time and ages. Besides, the post advanced methodology in this model neglects to give space to the association among Christianity and different fields of study like science (Yarhouse, 2008). To numerous Christian families, the importance of life is gotten from a blend of Christianity and different types of study that endeavor to disentangle the secret behind life’s incalculable marvels and an endeavor to server such a relationship will consistently be pointless. Taking everything into account, Christianity has consistently drawn an unmistakable line among great and terrible. Thusly, the disappointment of the account family treatment model characterize in detail what separates a u seless family from a practical one adds to the reasons why this model will never fit into a Christian system. Reference Yarhouse, M. A., Sells, J. N. (2008). Family treatments: An extensive Christian evaluation. Killjoys Grove, Ill: IVP Academic.

Summer Break Feels

Summer Break Feels Hello friends! The end of the semester is wrapping up for us here at Illinois. Theres only a few weeks left before summer. I am so excited to get back home and relax! The sun is going to shine and I am going to be so happy. Since summer is rolling around, lots of people are stressing over summer internships. This is reasonable stress but I want to talk to you guys about different options you have for your summers. Summer doesnt always have to be filled with work. There are plenty of options. Im going to kick this off talking about what I have done the past two summers. After my freshman year was (to this day), the best summer of my life. I applied for the Illini 4000 2017 Bike America Team (I should really just do a blog post on I4K. Noted, keep an eye out.) and made the team! I was so excited. So what does that mean? That meant that the summer after my freshman year I was going to bike across the country. NYC to San Francisco, 76 days, 4,800 miles, with 26 strangersI was stoked. In case you havent read any of my previous posts, Illini 4000 is a student-run nonprofit (RSO) that raises money for cancer research and patient support services through annual cross country bike rides. Throughout my freshman year, we trained, fundraised, planned the trip, and learned how to safely ride as a team on the road. I cannot emphasize this enough, it was the best summer ever. Every day you wake up, hop on your bike and get to the next city. My team was composed of the coolest, smartest, sweetest 26 people I have ever met. Every time I think about it I cant help but smile. I cant put the experience into words so instead, here is a video one of my teammates made from footage he took along the ride. I cry every time I see it. In case the video doesnt play, heres a link! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RcLMKZix-T4 Keep your eyes out for my blog about just Illini 4000! Any summers after 2017 were pretty hard to beat. Last summer (between sophomore year and junior year), I spent it on campus. I really wanted a quiet summer where I could really just sit back relax and work on bettering myself. I worked as an ISTAR (Illinois Student Admissions Representatives). Were the cool kids in orange shirts who give tours and help students register for classes. I made a lot of new friends and got the opportunity to help incoming freshmen with the registration struggle (its not really a struggle but realizing you move out of your home in a few months is crazy!). Since working as an ISTAR was really flexible and my boss was really nice, I got the opportunity to travel a lot. Last summer alone I went on road trips to Colorado (twice) and Canada. Before college, I did not travel much so three trips was a lot for me. I really learned about myself during that summer. This summer I am planning on working purely on my research (in hopes of getting published senior year). I currently do research under my advisor, Dr. Ann Witmer (the coolest person you will ever meet), through the Illinois International Center for Contextual Engineering. I realized that I should make another post about my research and how I got into it (Noted. Keep your eye out part two). I am not sure if I am going to spend my summer on campus or not but I am very lucky to have the option. No matter what I do, Im sure Ill be fine. So now you know everything I have done in my summers. I hope I have relieved any potential stress you might have about what youre going to do with your college break. I want to reassure everyone who is searching for an internship or not searching that whatever youre doing is fine! Here are some tips on how to prepare yourself for the internship search and what to do if you dont want one or did not get one. Tip 1: Apply and research early Its often said that freshmen dont get internships. Well, this does not have to be true. If you start searching early, learn the deadlines and what each application wants, take advantage of your resources, you can make yourself a competitive candidate. The sooner you apply, the sooner youll hopefully hear back. Uncertainty is one of the main stressors when searching for internships. Your first semester is the craziest one, so dont stress if you dont feel like youre doing enough. Tip 2: Use your resources Alright I cannot emphasize this enough. Get to know your professors. They are experts in the field and have spent years building their networks. Ask them about potential internships youre thinking about or if they have any tips on the application process. Professors have been some of my most valuable resources in college; they are also really cool people! There are also career fairs that you can go to and speak to companies one-on-one. Suit up, print some resumes, and get your name out there. Even if you dont know anything about the companies, a casual conversation can potentially lead to something. Ask for tips on the application and try to stand out a bit. If you didnt bring a suit from home, dont have a resume, or are not sure how to talk to professionals, go to the career center. Their jobs are literally to prepare you for success. They offer a career closet where you can borrow a suit, as well as resume and cover letter workshops, mock interviews, career planning, and so much more. In addition, your advisors know the 411. Set up an appointment and ask them questions, especially if you are on any pre-professional track (pre-med, vet, law, etc). They can answer any lingering questions you may have and provide you some insight into the process. There are so many more resources you can take advantage of while youre here. I can write an entire blog post about each and every one of them. Use them, thats why theyre here. Tip 3: Look into backup options Okay, you hear back and you didnt get the internship. Well thats okay because you thought of backup options! Some potential backup options can be to take summer classes (on campus or at home), study abroad, research (blog post coming soon), summer job, Illini 4000, etc. There are a lot more options other than internships, you just have to go out and find them. Tip 4: Its okay to use summer as a break Lets be honest, its called a break for a reason. If you want to spend your break relaxing and go home, do it. I say, do what makes you happy and if you need that time for yourself, dont feel bad about it. Tip 5: Have Fun Its warm and sunny, pop your head phones in and go for a walk. Summer is only three months of the year in Illinois, embrace what you can (regardless of what youre doing). Well folks, that wraps this one up. Hope you are all having a great day and enjoy your ride on the college rollercoaster! JN Julissa Class of 2020 I am majoring in Integrative Biology within the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I am from Lemont, a small southwest suburb of Chicago. If you want to read about the daily life of a student on campus and get some tips and tricks in the trade, my post are for you!

Jean Piaget Is A Famous Developmental Psychologist Who

Jean Piaget is a famous developmental psychologist who was born in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland (Presnell, 1999). He was the first psychologist to do an organized study of cognitive development and before his studies, it was commonly thought that children were less capable thinkers than adults. After doing many observations on his own three children and other kids, he has concluded that children think in differing ways than adults (McLeod, 2009). Piaget was seeking to find how children think about the world at different points in their development and how systematic changes occur in their thinking (Santrock, 2015). He developed the theory of cognitive development that states, â€Å"children actively construct their understanding of the world and go†¦show more content†¦Secondary circular reactions is the third substage of Piaget’s sensorimotor stage. It occurs from four months to eight months and includes repeating pleasing actions that involve objects and the baby†™s own body (McLeod, 2010). Two examples of the secondary circular reactions substage are, when an infant shakes a rattle for the pleasure of hearing the sound and when an infant coos to make a person stay near them. The fourth substage happens from eight to twelve months and is known as coordination of secondary circular reactions. During this substage, the infant now shows that they can use their knowledge to reach a goal (McLeod, 2010). The infant is now able to know to use a stick to bring a toy within reaching capacity (Santrock, 2015). Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity occurs from twelve months to eighteen months and is the fifth substage of the sensorimotor stage. In the fifth substage, infants become interested in the many effects of objects and what they can make the objects do; such as spinning a block, making it fall, sliding it across the ground, and hitting another object (Santrock, 2015). Piaget’s last substage of the sensorimotor stage is in ternalization of schemes, this lasts from eighteen months to twenty-four months. Once infants reach this last substage, they can form mental representations of objects and â€Å"develop the ability to use primitiveShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget: Theory of Cognitive Development Essay1652 Words   |  7 Pageshistory, many people have made important contributions to the school of psychology. Jean Piaget was one who made a contribution with his theories on the cognitive development stages. Cognitive development is the process of acquiring intelligence and increasingly advanced thought and problem-solving ability from infancy to adulthood. Piaget states that the mind of a child develops through set stages to adulthood (Famous Biographies TV Shows - Biography.com). The theory of cognitive development hasRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 Pagesdesigned to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thought, and the formal operational thought. To sum up Piaget’s theory he believesRead MoreHow Do Humans Develop Over A Lifetime? Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pagestime is developmental psychology. Developmental psychology is the study of how humans develop relating to the mind, body, and spirit. It not only is an approach based on a micro sense, but on a macro sense as well. Micro meaning the development from baby to adult and macro meaning how a culture itself develops over a time span. Because developmental psychology is an umbrella term, it is used to describe a number of different disciples that are all focused on one common goal (Developmental Psychology)Read MorePsyc hology : The Influential Bunch1184 Words   |  5 Pagesof individuals. In psychology there are many different perspectives that are employed. In this paper, this student will identify a few influential psychologists that paved the road for modern psychology. John B. Watson was a pioneering figure in the development of the psychological school of behaviorism. Watson was one of the early American psychologists to break Freudian notions that our unconscious mind was behind most of our behavior (Watson E. 1999). Behaviorism according to Watson was the scienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Eriksons Theory On Early Childhood Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Jean Piaget once asked, â€Å"Are we forming children who are only capable of learning what is already known?† With there being so many theoriest whose research and ideas have made an impact on early childhood education. Knowing the teoriests and the ideas that they had is vital in the education profession. Erik Erikson Hope is both the earliest and the most indispensable virtue inherent in the state of being alive. If life is to be sustained hope must remain, even where confidenceRead MoreThe Theory Of Cognitive Psychology928 Words   |  4 PagesIn the twentieth century some of the psychologists became interested of mental activities studies in humans, including information processes, memory and communication. This new direction received the name of cognitive psychology. One of the pioneers, who established this path in psychology science, was Swiss biologist, Jean Piaget. Piaget’s discoveries and principles have made a significant contribution in expansion of cognitive psychology ideas. His research and concepts that were based on kidsRead MoreCognitive Psychology And The Management And Treatment Of Mental Illness1352 Words   |  6 Pagesthe theories of two psychologist highlighting their strengths and weaknesses and there similarities and differences. AC1.1, AC3.1 Biological psychology looks at the biological aspects of behaviour. It looks at how the brain s structure, chemistry, activity and genetic make-up etc. relates to behaviour. Cognitive psychology focuses on the way the brain processes information, how people perceive, understand, make decisions about and remember information. Cognitive psychologists would put informationRead MoreThe Understanding Of Young Children Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pagessociety many insights into the life and development of a young child. Two theorists who act as pillars to the understanding of children are Jean Piaget, a cognitive theorist, and James Baldwin, an early developmental theorist. By analysing the two of them, it becomes clear how their early lives, study and upbringing led to the discovery of such intriguing theories revolved around both learning and development. Jean Piaget was the first child in his family, born on the 9 August, 1896, in Neuchà ¢tel, SwitzerlandRead MoreThe John B Watson s Life860 Words   |  4 Pagesdissertation about the relation between behavior in the white rat and the growth of the nervous system. In 1903 he received his doctorate and later became an associate professor of psychology at Johns Hopkins University. John B. Watson was a pioneering psychologist who played an important role in the development of behaviorism. Watson believed that psychology should primarily be the science of observable behavior. He is remembered for his research on the conditioning process as well as the Little Albert experimentRead MoreDevelopmental Psychology : Children And Adults Change Over Time1621 Words   |  7 Pages(simplypsychology.org), developmental psychology is â€Å"a scientific approach which aims to explain how children and adults change over time†. This theory mainly focuses on an individual’s childhood with a direct concentration on the earliest stages of when the child is developing into an adult as this is seen to be the most valued stages of development. However it is now understood to be a lifelong process. There are a number of prominent theories from different psychologists that support much of the

Communication And Internal And External Communication

Communication Audit Even though communication is a very key aspect in any organization, chances are that communication in organizations is for most employees not satisfying. According to Rodney Gray †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ less than the half of the employees are satisfied with internal communication systems. This situation calls for conducting communication auditing in order to determine the cause of communication dissatisfaction among the employees. Communication audit simply refers to the complete analysis of both the internal and external communication strengths as well as weaknesses of an organization(s). It is basically a way for a company or an organization to comprehend the communication needs, capabilities, practices and to collect vital information†¦show more content†¦In addition, they provide significant information that management can use to improve communication processes within their organizations. Moreover, communication audits follow specific ten steps which are; 1. Step one: decides on the areas that ought to be audited. It analyses both internal and external communications, thus identifying pieces to material used for promotional purposes. 2. Step two: involves choosing among a number of research methods such as one-on-one interviews, focus groups and telephone or online surveys. 3. Step three: entails gathering the information regarding the past internal and external communications and thereafter evaluating their efficiency. 4. Step four: this step looks outward and involves hiring a neutral researcher to interview customers directly, through electronic surveys, focus groups or else through telephone interviews. 5. Step five: this step lays more emphasis on the community. It involves hiring a researcher to carry out a community survey or to interview community members about the effectiveness of the organization’s communications. 6. Step six: it looks inward ad it embraces interviewing the employees and volunteers working within a given organization. It mainly helps to assess whether all communications are well understood by all the internal audiences. It also examines how the organization is presented to the public by the internal audiences. 7. Step seven: it aimsShow MoreRelatedInternal Vs. External Communication1882 Words   |  8 Pagescompany and others use both common communication methods, as well as many unique to their profession and colleagues. The purpose of this report is to examine Telephone Data Systems Inc. (TDS) and ITPM through an analysis of internal vs. external communication, in-person vs. â€Å"other† (electronic) forms of communication, and the use of official lines of communication vs. unofficial lines of communication. Internal vs. External Communication Internal communication between colleagues at TDS, which takesRead MoreInternal and External Pursuasive Communication Essay1716 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Internal and External Persuasive Communication COM 537 August 19, 2013 Abstract Organizations both large and small, all share a common feature. This feature is internal and external stakeholders. An organization can have a wide variety of internal and external stakeholders. It is vital to make certain that designated managers within the organization keeps both internal and external stakeholders informed of accolades, potential problems, problems, as well as anyRead MorePresentation Of Communications With Internal And External Audiences1320 Words   |  6 Pagessame meeting in terms of communications with internal and external audiences. The summary will concentrate over when and where the meeting was held, who attended the meeting, how it went, what were the agenda items and some relevant points. Through the evaluation, I will assess and reflect on the effectiveness of both written and verbal communications in meeting the needs of audiences, whether the board members communicate with the goal of creating two-way communications, the appropriateness, accuracyRead MoreGuidelines For Written Communication ( Internal And External )1180 Words   |  5 PagesGuidelines for Written Communication (internal and external) Email is an important form of internal and external communication. Emails are written records that may be required to be disclosed in legal proceedings or otherwise made public. Text for Thoughts ethical standards apply to every email you write. An email should never be written or sent if it does not first pass the scrutiny of the company’s ethical standards. All emails should be written in a professional manner. The same rules apply toRead MoreThe Internal And External And Media Relations Communication Business Processes1753 Words   |  8 Pagesthis analysis report is to assess and review the internal/external and media relations communication business processes within John Holland Pty Ltd (JH). These support processes will be mapped using cross functioning and relationship mapping. The report will also analyse the following process measures; †¢ Tightness and dependence †¢ Bottlenecks †¢ Service blueprinting, †¢ Line of visibility †¢ Quality and †¢ Speed of delivery External communications will be further analysed to identify key issues withRead MoreInternal and External Communications at the West Miami Middle School: An Analysis1453 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: In this short essay, the author will discuss the internal and external communications at the West Miami Middle School in the building and also at the district level. We will also discuss how the building and district staff communicate with members of the external community who make up the majority of the districts stakeholders. Finally, based upon the authors research, they will comment upon the types of communications that they would maintain, add or delete in the process of thisRead MoreInternal and External Communication on Bp Gulf Oil Spill Essay3877 Words   |  16 PagesIntroduction 2 Analysis 3 Internal communication 3 External communication 6 Conclusion 10 Recommendation 11 Internal communication 11 External communication 12 Executive Summary BP oil spill in April 2010, had incurred serious damage to both the company and publics. Though some internal and external communication strategies were carried out after the accident, more improvements should be made by BP to maintain the safety and reputation. The internal strategies used by BP,Read MoreExternal and Internal Information Sharing: Level of Communication of an Enterprise774 Words   |  3 Pageslevel of communication and collaboration both within an enterprise, and between the many members of an enterprise and external partners, stakeholders and customers requires an agile, customizable information and knowledge sharing platform. These platforms transcend the typical Information Technologies (IT) systems that are represented as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) or Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems so pervasively known today. A highly collaborative and communication-based knowledgeRead MoreComprehensive Communications Strategy Managing Towards The Intern al And External Audiences Essay1675 Words   |  7 Pageshigh and satisfactory standard and a good qualification could be a good contribution to the quality and services of care towards client. The stakeholder communicator manager will be responsible for the comprehensive communications strategy managing towards the internal and external audiences as well as developing and delivering data to the management. Aside from that other duties of a stakeholder is which lead and strategist on how to build good relationships. It is also their responsibility inRead MoreHcs Week 4 Communications Channels Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesCommunication Channels Health Care Communication Strategies HCS 320 April 07, 2013 Communication Channels Communication is essential to promoting and marketing the newest addition in technology to an organization. There are many facets to the communication that needs distributing to ensure the largest audience is aware of the new, state-of-the-art MRI, magnetic resonance imaging. The internal staff needs to be educated and knowledgeable about the new equipment so they can help answer

Benefits of Low Student Teacher Ratio Free Essays

The Benefits Derived From a Low Student –Teacher Ratio Albert Fuller American Intercontinental University English Composition II What are the possibilities and impacts of a low student-teacher ratio and how can it be beneficial to both students and teachers alike. Imagine yourself in a class of 30 or more students, you are eager to learn but find it hard to grab the attention of the teacher. You feel lost in a class of pupils and you don’t know if you are going to absorb the lesson of the day. We will write a custom essay sample on Benefits of Low Student Teacher Ratio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sitting at your desk wishing that your instructor focused more time on the subjects that you didn’t understand; you find yourself looking for opportunities to refocus attention on you. Hoping to gain the knowledge and intellect that will help prepare you for college, you soon realize that your teacher being overworked often times overlooks your progress. Many students in the world today face these problems. There are multiple signs that point to how reducing class sizes will show an improvement in several areas that are affecting educators and students and once these areas are controlled benefits will be shared by both groups. Students benefiting from the personalized learning experience of smaller classes have a higher probability of entering institutions of a higher level of education. A published journal by Finn Gerber (2005) estimate that the large studies performed by three states comparing smaller to larger class sizes arrived at the same conclusion, â€Å"that smaller class sizes result in substantial gains in student achievement which sustain to graduation and beyond†. These were the STAR study in Tennessee, the SAGE studies in Wisconsin and the CSR studies in California. These combined studies measured how mixed variations of the learning environment have an impact on percentages relating to educational progress. Konstantopoulos (2008) has pointed to a fact that shows that the smaller learning environment in inner city schools has been shown to provide students more time to learn details of lessons that would otherwise be cut short in larger classes. Teachers from inner city schools have reported that their students, when placed in a smaller class size are retaining information being delivered simply because they are more abled to review the lesson immediately with students that haven’t gasped the delivered concepts Konstantopoulos (2008). The students feel the benefit of education retention from the smaller classes and more prepared when entering college because of the detail in learning that was available to them during secondary education. A direct consequence of the failure to adequately fund public schools is budget restraints and students in low funded states have had to suffer from some of the largest class sizes in America due to this. State level government has been forced to choose between funding school programs and providing competitive pay to teachers. As a consequence of low school funding, many 9th Graders across the U. S. have the lowest percent of college completion. Burtless (1996) Causing educators to lose focus on the quality of education a student receives, many teachers believe that one of many drawbacks to House Bill 2261 is how it eliminated even the inadequate floor for school funding of the Basic Education Act and replaced it with class size funding at whatever level the State legislature wanted to fund schools during a particular year, this was a major one of many drawbacks to Bill 2261. Konstantopoulos and Chung (2009) Many scholars have cited that the percentage based funding the states have devised now leaves low-income areas of a state forced to have higher student-teacher ratios than other areas of the state; this has cause teachers to lose focus on educating students and be more so spending their days completing various paperwork. These teachers enjoy their profession less than teachers in low student-teacher ratio schools. Burtless (1996) Smaller classes would benefit teachers as well. They will have a smaller group of students to manage which with provide less chance of class disruptions and they will be able to progress through planned lessons in a smoother pace. Due to the low funding of some states, teachers with larger classes are focused on following lesson plans and paperwork with no time to use forms of creative instruction Burtless (1996). Without the individuals creative instruction students surveyed have reported that the information being delivered appears repetitive and less interesting causing them to lose focus and not retain the information being delivered. The focused learning experience that the smaller environment provides will boost class participation and will encourage students to have higher educational goals and will benefit these students in future endeavors. Fewer students will feel a lack of learning in a smaller learning environment. The smaller classes have shown improved statistics in academic behavior and from this change we are able to see the need for structure in the class along with quality one-on-one time with teachers. Konstantopoulos (2008) Students in smaller class settings are able to retain focus and teachers are able to maintain direction. Fewer students in a class would allow teachers to monitor how well students are retaining information, reduce behavior issues and would prevent students from going off task. Parker (2008) With larger classes, teachers spend more time reviewing course material for those that are behind rather than moving on in subject matter. With the smaller class sizes, educators will be able to cover more subject matter and, in turn, students are shown to learn more than has been expected for that grade level. In conclusion, smaller classes are shown to improve the quality of learning that is currently being provided in larger classes. Students across America have taken part in studies discussed in this essay and experts agree that the benefits of a smaller class have long lasting impacts on student relations with teachers and nourish the mind to achieve higher educational goals. Although funding in some states do not support smaller sized classrooms, reducing the class size has shown to have a significant impact on the effort a teacher uses in education, the participation of students in smaller classes when faced with more one-to-one instruction, behavior changes in smaller classes, and the increase in the level of education smaller students receives. References: Burtless, G. (1996) Does Money Matter? : The Effect of School Resources on Student Achievement and Adult Success ISBN 0-8157-1275-8 Konstantopoulos, Spyros; Chung, Vicki (2009). â€Å"What Are the Long-Term Effects of Small Classes on the Achievement Gap? Evidence from the Lasting Bene? ts Study†. American Journal of Education 116 (1): 125–54. Konstantopoulos, Spyros. (2008). â€Å"Do Small Classes Reduce the Achievement Gap between Low and High Achievers? Evidence from Project STAR. † Elementary School Journal 108 (4): 275–91. Parker, L. (2008). Little Wonders http://www. aeufederal. org. au/Publications/AE/Spr08pp18-20. pdf Finn, J. D. , Gerber, S. B. (2005) Small Class Sizes in Early Grades, Academic Achievement, and Graduating From High School, Journal of Educational Psychology, (97) (2) 214-223 http://www. apa. org/pubs/journals/releases/edu-972214. pdf How to cite Benefits of Low Student Teacher Ratio, Essays

Marketing for Customers Clients and Partners -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarketing for Customers Clients and Partners. Answer: By studying this module and after doing the assignments I found all the chapters of the marketing subject informative and motivating and as well I believed that my knowledge and skills had increased. I have also found that the marketing for businesses had become more complicated and interdependent because of the global approach. As per my knowledge, marketing can be defined as science and art of the set of activities, institutions and the processes that enable creating, delivering, communicating and to exchange the offerings that make value for the customers, clients, partners and the society at large. In short, it is an overall marketing plan that helps to frame strategies and positioning over the targets market including the pricing strategies over the product and beforehand studying and evaluating the consumer perspective. Marketing also includes strategies to promote the product by advertising and in the last calculating the value for the brand among the consumers. The subject of marketing had been very realistic as I input the knowledge in my day to day situations. For example, from studying marketing as a whole I had earned knowledge on how to start a business plan accordingly to launch a product in the market. Marketing can be applied in everyday situations as such while doing business before launching a product, the market research of the need of it among the consumers and after launching the product to get the market feedback a small sample of the product could be tested upon the consumers. In other words, marketing can be an innovative strategy formed an individual to ove rcome the objective but it may fail or either reaches to success. Then before attending this course I never knew that consumer behavioral study is important in marketing or business purpose but now I have knowledge on the consumer behavior perspectives, different theories that motivate the buyer to purchase in brief (Solomon et al. 2014.). This all knowledge somehow guides me before purchasing a product. The part where I find difficulty is in the strategizing in targeting, positioning and segmenting section. It is a bit confusing with all the three terms as they are interrelated. If the terms related are more clearly defined can be easier anyhow it is not much difficult. Then the supply chain and the distribution strategy helped to earn knowledge regarding the distribution and the supply chain process that takes place in my nearby shops and products which we buy such as when I purchased a gaming console last week, I understood the supply chain of Amazon which was simple initially we place order, then each unique code is provided to the customers along with the product. Then, the product is forwarded to the zonal distribution centers from where the products are delivered to the customers as per their unique code. The problem I faced while studying marketing was going through the case studies at the beginning as they were too long to read but later I realized that they related to the real life based incidents which became interesting for me as I can face the same in my future career. I found out that marketing can be with traditional practices and with the modern practices as well and there is a difference in both the practices (Grnroos 2016). I spotted that to become a marketing manager I need to have my own kind of analytical skill to face and handle the issues in marketing. References Grnroos, C., 2016. Modern Marketingand.Marketing in Evolution: Essays in Honour of Michael J. Baker, p.14. Solomon, M.R., Dahl, D.W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J.L. and Polegato, R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pearson.

Ban on Tobacco Essays

Ban on Tobacco Essays Ban on Tobacco Essay Ban on Tobacco Essay Essay Topic: Equus Ban on Tobacco Ads by the Government of India: Introduction On Feb 6, 2001 Government of India (GOI) dropped a bombshell on the tobacco Industry when it announced that it would shortly table a bill banning Tobacco Companies from advertising their products and sponsoring sports and cultural events. The objective of such a ban was to discourage adolescents from consuming tobacco products and also arm the Government with powers to launch an anti-Tobacco Program. This decision seemed to have sparked an intense debate, not just over the ethical aspects of Governments moral policing but also over the achievability of the objective itself. Reacting strongly against the proposed ban, Suhel Seth, CEO, Equus Advertising said, The ban does not have teeth. It is a typical knee-jerk reaction by any Government to create some kind of popularity for itself. The Legislation has not been thought thorough. In its reaction to the GOIs decision, ITC Ltd1. announced that it would voluntarily withdraw from all of the sponsorship events, irrespective of the legal position on the subject. In a statement it said, ITC believes that this action on its part will create the right climate for a constructive dialogue that will help develop appropriate content, rules regulations to make the intended legislation equitable and implementable. The complexity of the issue was that, the issue involved the tussle between the ethical and commercial considerations. On the one hand, was tobacco, the most dangerous consumer product known, which killed when used as the makers intended. Therefore from an ethical standpoint, the Government had to discourage the habit, as it was responsible for the welfare of its citizens. On the other hand, the tobacco Industry was a major contributor to the State Exchequer (In the Year 2000-01 it contributed about Rs. 8000 crores in excise revenue) which was extremely important, given the financial crunch which it faced. In the light of the above statements, what approach should the government choose-the ethical or commercial and is it proper for government to interfere in matters of personal choice in the first place? To make the matter more complex, there was the question- was the objective achievable at all and was it equitable? The answers to these questions lay in understanding the viewpoints of both sides-those in favour and those against such bans. The Ayes The ban was not unusual keeping in view the international precedents. Countries like France, Finland, and Norway had already imposed similar bans. Advocates of free choice opposed to these bans, saying these amounted to unwarranted intrusion by the state in the private lives of its citizens. But, others pointed out that the state had the right to intervene in the overall interest of the citizens. They cited the example of drugs like cocaine, which was, banned the world over. In 1981, the Supreme Court (of Appeal) in Belgium gave its ruling that a ban on tobacco advertising was not unconstitutional. In 1991 the French Constitutional Council declared that the French ban on advertising tobacco products was not unconstitutional as it was based on the need to protect public health and did not curtail the freedom of trade. There were many precedents of restrictions being imposed on the advertising of dangerous or potentially dangerous products even if these products remained in the market (e. g. firearms, pharmaceutical Products).

Euthyphro Concept of Holiness and Piety

Euthyphro Concept of Holiness and Piety Introduction The dialogue between Socrates and Euthyphro in front of the King Archon’s court presents two individuals in an argument on how to define and comprehend holiness. The two were to attend court hearings on different cases. During their discussion, they reveal to each other reasons why they are to appear in court.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Euthyphro: Concept of Holiness and Piety specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Burrington (n.d.), Socrates was to attend a court hearing in which Meletus accused him of distracting the attention of young people from believing in the gods that the state religion recognized. Instead, Socrates was propagating the belief in new gods. On the other hand, Euthyphro was at the court to file a case against his father, who, he argued, had caused his family and friends be unkind to him. The father had placed a servant who murdered one of the slaves in isolation t o prevent the sin from spreading around. Later, the servant died even before the messenger could report on what religious steps could be taken against the servant. Euthyphro explained that it was wrong, in line with his accepted beliefs, to protect a manslayer. In addition, he said that his actions would prevent poisoning his father’s associates. According to Socrates, it was a taboo to lodge harmful proceedings against one’s father. However, Euthyphro claimed that family relationships were not important when a man was unjustly murdered (Geach, 1966, p.369). This paper examines the attempts at providing a logically sound and universal definition of piety as they are presented in Plato’s dialogue Euthyphro. Socrates’ aims Socrates wanted to understand the interpretation of the term holiness from other people’s standpoint. This step could help him in defending himself at the court (God, 2009). Socrates wanted to gage whether his action of preaching t o the youths to accept foreign gods could be viewed as holy or not. He also wanted to know whether his act was appeasing or annoying all the gods, and whether it was right or wrong. The concept of holiness also took major position, as Socrates wanted Euthyphro to evaluate his decision of accusing his father of murder. In the dialogue, Socrates aimed at making Euthyphro back his actions with solid religious premises. According to Socrates, many people have confused religious actions that are wrong or right, as they argue from archaic religious contexts. Remarkably, these two characters were faced with cases, which required deep philosophical explanations and comprehension. The first definition Socrates requested Euthyphro to define what is meant by piety. In his first response, Euthyphro defended his ‘religious’ actions by alluding that even Zeus punished his father the same way.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your f irst paper with 15% OFF Learn More Socrates refuted this response by saying that even though it can be genuine, the exemplification cannot be part of the definition. Therefore, Euthyphro needs to understand the difference between what he considers religious, and what he considers moral. Further, Socrates adds that he had difficulties in comprehending how misunderstanding arises among the gods. The second definition In the second definition, Euthyphro suggested that pious is what pleases the gods (God, 2009). Socrates finds that this definition is much more logical since it appeals to generalization, rather than one particular example (Koukl, n.d.). He mentions that he needs to find a formulation that could serve as a standard against which people could measure all their acts, and see whether they have acted piously or not. The idea that Socrates presents is a very important one, and it lies at the core of the method that we try to use when governing our society. We n eed an objective formulation of our laws and regulations to be able to tell with confidence if someone has broken them. However, despite the fact that the definition is logically more valuable, Socrates responded by indicating that what is appealing to one god could be unappealing to another god. Therefore, this definition tells us little about the essence of piousness. The third definition Euthyphro felt frustrated and defined piety as that which pleases all the gods. This definition prompted Socrates to ask Euthyphro the question, â€Å"Is what is pious loved by (all) the gods because it is already pious, or is it pious merely because it is something loved by them?† (Burrington, n.d.). Socrates is aware that if an act is pious just because gods love it, then we know nothing about what piety in itself is. This idea is a bit difficult to grasp, but it might help if it is viewed through examples. For instance, Socrates mentions that there is nothing in the essence of a carried thing that is determined by that particular condition in which it temporally finds itself. Similarly, gods may love an action, but that action is not in its essence pious for that reason, it is rather in a state of being loved and nothing more. One might think that Socrates is chasing unimportant nuances here, but what he is really doing is indicating how precise we have to be in defining our laws and morals if we want to be able to condemn someone of breaking them. The fourth definition In an attempt of providing a better definition, Socrates appeals to logic and the relations between notions. He tries to define the notion of piety as belonging in its entirety to the notion of justice. He and Euthyphro agree that piety belongs to the domain of justice, but this does not mean that every just action is at the same time pious. They locate several types of behaviours that can be regarded as morally right, but do not belong to the domain of piety; for example, caring for other human be ings. The next thing that is necessary for a good definition, in Socreates’ view, is to differentiate pious acts from other just or ethical acts. However, he does not seem to be able to find such a characteristic that makes pious acts stand apart (Burrington, 2012, p.3). What I also find necessary when defining piety in such a way is to provide a formulation of justice or moral rightness which is an incredibly difficult task in its own right; however, Socrates and Euthyphro do not try to accomplish that.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Euthyphro: Concept of Holiness and Piety specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Final attempts at definition In the end , Euthyphro makes two more attempts at giving Socrates a satisfactory answer. Firstly, he argues that when acting piously, people look after the gods. Socrates immediately spots that such a definition would imply that in each particular action people contribute to o ne particular god which makes him stand out from the rest of the gods, which is something that gods forbid. Secondly, Euthyphro also mentions that humans act piously in order to satisfy gods so that they could pray to gods, and expect them to grant their wishes in return (Burrington, 2012, p. 3). Following Kant’s deontology, I would say that if this were true, it would move the notion of piety from the domain of morality to the domain of rationality. This is because if one performs an action in order to profit from it, then it is a merely rational action, which involves no moral value. Kant says that an action counts as moral only if a person performs it because they feel that it is their duty to act in that particular manner (Kant Pluhar 2002). When finally pressed to present overtly what is at the core of piety, Euthyphro again puts forth the idea about piety being intrinsically connected to what gods love, which means that the conversation ends with a version of the third definition. Conclusion Socrates’s objective in this dialogue was to show Euthyphro that there are different perspectives of viewing or understanding a concept. In that light, he wanted to understand the religious expert’s argument, and widen his points of argument. This was Socrates’ intention because he assumed the role of a student or learner in the dialogue. From this scenario, Euthyphro was fully  able to give his understanding of piety and morality. In the dialogue, Socrates played a passive role, so he could allow Euthyphro to respond to his questions, and then he offered suggestions to provoke further response from Euthyphro. There is no point at which Euthyphro asked Socrates questions. In my opinion, holiness refers to a state or an act that is morally right in itself and that the gods love. The definition fails to give the level or point at which an act qualifies to be morally right. Who qualifies an act as morally right? Is it not the people? Is wh at is morally right loved by gods precisely in order to make it morally right? On the other hand, is it morally right because people have accepted it to be so? In most cases morals are defined differently as each person has their own set of standards they govern themselves by. There are individual differences in people’s arguments, cultures, perceptions, and understanding.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Summary In the dialogue Euthyphro, Socrates tries to reach a universal and logically sound definition of piety which could stand as a standard against which people could measure all their actions, and be able to tell with absolute precision whether the action is pious. He does so through his famous dialectical method in which he only asks questions, and together with the interlocutor tries to arrive at truth. He points out that it is wrong to define notions through examples because such definitions are of little use in different situations. Socrates also mentions that a definition needs to be universal, and that claiming that an action is pious just because it is appreciated by one god is not enough to define piety since the same action can be hated by another god. After that, in the second definition, he claims that defining notions through their external states is also wrong since a good definition needs to capture the essence of the thing itself. The idea that one can appeal to t he relationships of superiority and subordination between notions as in the case of saying that piety is subordinate to justice is also presented in the dialogue. In the end, final definition is not reached, but the reader has learned a lot about all the different factors that have to be taken into account when trying to define an abstract concept. References Burrington, D. E. (n.d.). Guides to the Socratic Dialogues: Platos Euthyphro. Hartwick College. Retrieved from http://users.hartwick.edu/burringtond/dialogues/euthyphro.html Geach, P. (1966). PLATOS EUTHYPHRO: An Analysis and Commentary. The Monist, 50(3), 369-382. God, F. (2009, April 23). Socrates versus Euthyphro. No Double Standards. Retrieved from http://impartialism.blogspot.com/2009/04/socrates-versus-euthyphro.html Kant, I., Pluhar, W. S. (2002). Critique of practical reason. Indianapolis: Hackett Pub. Co. Koukl, G. (n.d.). Stand to Reason: Euthyphros Dilemma. Stand to Reason: Stand to Reason Homepage. Retrieved from h ttps://www.str.org/

Risk Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Risk Management - Case Study Example The first concern area is the president and founder decision to hand shareholding to family members. This may be seen as a measure to safeguard the company’s interests and those of the main shareholders, it also poses significant threat as it limits the company’s access to additional capital, the assumption here being that any amounts that the company may have at the time are already committed to improving the business. Another eminent risk is the exposure of the company’s assets; as presented in the case, the company’s total assets are valued at 52.6 million dollars. In case these assets are destroyed by any type of occurrence, it would cost the company about $73.5 million to replace them. It is definite that such loss would also translate to a loss of significant information stored in the equipment. Other costs that the company should consider is through disruption - in any case, that there is such an eventuality the company’s operations will defi nitely be disrupted. The entire period of disruption represents a significant loss of company revenue. Yet another major point of concern is the company’s revenue. The case indicates that the company’s revenue has been on the rise for the past two years and dipped in the third year by a significant amount - 15 million. A quarter of this revenue is generated by a single employee, which implies that the firm is overly reliant on a single or a few individuals. This implies redundancy as well as inefficiency which are significant risks. The greatest risk in this case is the fact that if this individual leaves the company, then this hugely affects the company’s revenue stream (Hamilton, 2004). This will definitely have a spiral effect as the company operations rely on the revenue generated by its activities. The last significant threat to the company is loss of market share. The case indicates that the firm

Edgar Allan Poe and Suspense in Poe and Jackson Term Paper

Edgar Allan Poe and Suspense in Poe and Jackson - Term Paper Example This can be accredited to the actuality that most of his stories were short, interesting and easy enough to be classroom material, or due to their ability at pandering the present sullen morbidity that is characteristic of early adolescence or late childhood. American literature reached its peak maturity in the XIX century through the works of different writers such as Melville and Hawthorne, Thoreau and Emerson, Whitman and Longfellow, Twain and Poe, who was oddly in his own category. He has had a far-reaching influence on not only mass culture, but he has been able to provide rare insights into elite culture. As an innovator, he was quite resourceful: it is evident through his invented modern detective tales such as The Mystery of Marie Roget, The Purloined Letter, and The Murders in the Rue. He, together with Bram Stoker and Mary Shelley, is a progenitor of horror movies (Datlow 59). Poe was always worried a lot about life after death, especially in terms of the body and soul bein g depicted in the number of his narratives that entailed characters being buried alive, or of corpses having a life as zombies or of characters who were kept, under hypnosis, animate. He was gifted in the creation of small, enduring images that have up to this era remained in the collective psyche of a wide range of audiences. In his work – The Masque of the Red Death – Poe describes an intricate floor plan for the imperial suite of Prince Prospero with the strange design of the ball-room location emanating from the Prince’s eccentric tastes of decoration and his love of the weird. All the seven rooms of irregular shapes add to the suspense of the viewer with there being a sharp turn at every twenty or thirty yard distances, with each turn eliciting a novel effect. All successive rooms had different colors, a sort of progressive journey through a range of garish hues with the last chamber being black. This view only got from a gaze through a window tinted red. T he reader is held in suspense due to his/ her vague grasp of the different room’s signature colors (Jackson 67). Soon, the imperial suite becomes the scene of a crime with both the prince and his guests succumbing to a succession of bloody murders committed by an unknown assailant. Furthermore, the architecture entailed in these successive rooms also adds to the sense of suspense due to their eliciting luminal spaces between the notions of reality and illusion. The architecture of the suite, which is complicated, is symbolic of the reader’s limited comprehension. In his other work – The Black Cat – the readers encounter a character who after getting drunk, releases his guilt and self-hatred on his wife’s pet cat by grabbing it but the cat bites him. In revenge, he takes out one of its eyes but this quickly heals, though the cat’s presence is a continuous reminder of his failings. Eventually, though, the narrator gets rid of the cat by hangin g it from a tree. There is a twist to this event with his house burning down except for a section of the wall that has sketched on it the image of a giant cat (Datlow 58). Later on, he finds a new cat that has much similarity to the first in a bar and he takes it home. The reason behind this was so as to aid in undoing his previous act of violence. The feline’

Claude Shannon Genius Comparable To Einstein Philosophy Essay

Claude Shannon Genius Comparable To Einstein Philosophy Essay The world is filled with all types of technologies and information. There are computers that make normally tedious tasks simplier, phones that allows instant communication across the world, CDs that can store large amounts of information in a small area. In modern times, we take for granted how much easier our daily life is with these innovations. It truly is a large step from the candles centuries ago to flicking a switch to brighten up a room. Of course, this step couldnt have been taken without the work and studies by Claude Shannon. When described, Claude Shannon is said to have an ever lasting curiosity and a thirst for knowledge. Shannon is even compared to Albert Einstein for his ability to come up with strange yet groundbreaking ideas. He came up with the idea of digital circuitry, found a way to represent human genetics with algebra, an important theory about information, and has done a lot of work in cryptology. Even then, that is just scratching the surface of what he has accomplished. Just one of these accomplishments could have forever written him into the textbooks. It is important to note that Shannon, while intelligent, was in no means the most knowledgeable person there is. Like Einstein, Shannons genius came from his drive to satisfy his curiosity and ability to think outside the box. Claude Shannons pursuit of knowledge led to large technological advancements that shaped America and the rest of the world. Throughout his entire life, Claude Shannon has achieved many accomplishments that effectively makes him forever remembered throughout America and, to a lesser degree, the world. Shannon was born in Petoskey, Michigan on April 30, 1916. While growing up, he was talented in the fields of science and mathematics and looked up to a famous distant relative, Thomas Edison. While his father made mathematics a hobby, it was his grandfather that helped influence Shannons love for science. Shannon built many small devices such as a telegraph or a remote controlled model boat in his free time as a child. This child like urge to invent and discover lasted throughout nearly his entire life. During 1932, Shannon graduated high school and then enrolled at the University of Michigan a short time later. Four years later in 1936, Shannon graduated with a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering as well as a B.S. degree in Mathematics. After his graduation from the University of Michigan, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as a research assistant to both further his studies towards a higher degree and work part time. It was during this time that he wrote his master thesis on digital circuitry as well as his doctorate thesis for representing genetics with algebra. In 1940 his earned his masters degree in electrical engineering and doctorate in mathematics. After his graduation, Shannon went on to work at Bell Telephone Laboratories. For over a year, he did numerous amounts of works such as creating a new design for switching circuits. In 1941, a committee was formed to design anti-aircraft detectors in order to improve the war effort. Shannon was invited to join, and helped finish the completed design. It was due to this that the bombing effort against England ended with less casualties than there could have been. For the next 15 years, Shannon spent his time amongst many successful and important mathematicians and engineers. This time period is also when Shannon developed his Information Theory, which was published in 1948. Claude Shannons contributions to America received a lot of recognition. For his theory on digital circuits, he received the Alfred Noble Prize reward in 1939. President Lyndon B. Johnson presented Shannon with the National Medal of Science in 1966, and in the same year he was given the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honor. In 1985, Shannon also received the Kyoto Prize which is commonly compared to the Nobel Prize in America. Among many other rewards, Shannon also has nearly a dozen honorary doctorates in various universities and was inducted in the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Even after he became an adult, Shannon maintained his childish personality, his passion for inventing, and drive to broaden his knowledge. In his life, he made numerous different small toys, many of which he felt were just as important, if not more so, than his theories that changed the world. John Horgan told his experience with interviewing Shannon, Im trying to get him to recall how he came up with the theory of information. But Shannonis tired of expounding on his past. Wouldnt I rather see his toys? (**) Shannon most likely felt that each of his toys were just as important as anything else he thought of. He just wasnt content with coming up with revolutionizing ideas, no, he went above and beyond to discover everything he could. This is why Shannon was immortalized as one of the greatest thinkers. It wasnt a matter of finding fame and fortune, he was just as content to create robots that can juggle as he was for creating his famous information theory. It is the fate of every living creature to eventually die, and although Shannons ideals will be forever immortalized, he too could not resist this fate. He died on February 24, 2001, after losing a battle against Alzheimers disease. Shannon is survived by his wife Mary Elizabeth Shannon, along with three children. In the 18th century, a genius mathematician named George Boole created a method to solve or model logical statements using algebraic expressions. Boole named his concept Booles system, and is more commonly known as boolean logic. This logic revolves around ones and zeroes along with logic gates that take input(s) and then give out an output. Another way to think of these ones and zeroes is true and false, or on and off. At the time of creation, George Boole received little to no praise for developing this system after all, there didnt seem to be any real use with it. While George Boole died without his system going anywhere, Claude Shannon found out the huge amount of potential George Booles idea had when applied to circuits. While at MIT, Claude Shannon worked with an associate named Vannevar Bush on studying an analog computer called a differential analyzer. This computer used wheel and disk mechanisms in order to solve equations typically encountered in calculus. Shannon noticed that the circuits used in the computer had only two states of being, namely on and off. Reminded of Booles system from his math courses, Shannon thought about the possibility of applying that logic to circuits and realized it could open up a wide range of new possibilities and usages. Shannon used this discovery for his master thesis at MIT, called A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits. H. H. Goldstine, in his book The Computer from Pascal to Von Neumann, called Shannons these one of the most worlds important masters thesis ever written (6). Digital circuitry is based heavily on Booles system. Yet, instead of theoretical ones and zeroes, it uses two states of being on and off. Think of a button that was pressed, will send electricity to a light, thus lighting it up. Now, this doesnt have much variety. Press the button and the light goes on, release it and the light goes off. If a logic gate from boolean logic is borrowed, say the AND gate, then there is a large amount of possibilties that open up. An AND gate would only give out electricity to the light if and only if it has two sources of electricity flowing into it. If there are two buttons that each lead to the AND gate, than the light would only go on when both buttons are pushed or rather when both buttons give electricity to the AND gate. While this is a simple example of how digital circuitry works, there are plenty of other more useful examples including lightning quick mathematical calculations or permanent data storage that can be read and editted. Of course, those are rather complex designs to complete. No matter where one looks, digital circuitry is prevalent. It forms of the core of every digital device ranging from something as simple as a bedside lamp to the digital computers used to browse the internet. Without the idea of digital circuitry, the world would be a vastly different place than what it currently is. Electrical engineers immediately adapted his ideas on digital circuitry for their use in World War II. The creation of pocket calculators were made, removing the necassity for slide rules in many jobs. The home computer started to come into existance a couple decades afterwards. Just about everything that was invented decades afterwards and used electricity relied on Shannons thesis. Even technology that was invented before Shannons thesis was published could be refurbished into a device far more efficient, accurate, and of a higher quality overall. Communication across distances didnt always start out with crystal clear messages, nor was communication properly understood. Before the mid 20th century, the idea of telegraphs, telephones, television, and similar devices were rigid and unadaptable. It was thought that telephones could only send signals that represent voices, and only that. As such, a situation such as sending a video over a phone line would be dismissed as fantasy back then, even though its done currently. This all changed with the publishing of Shannons information theory in his paper, Mathematical Theory of Communication. Claude Shannon didnt just pop out a theory after thinking for a little while. Although he can claim to have developed the information theory fully, he did have help from research a few decades previously. Harry Nyquists paper in 1924, Certain Factors Affecting Telegraph Speed, has multiple important ideas inscribed in it. For instance, he started to stray from the idea of focusing on the content of the signals, and instead focused on the fact that the signals are information. Nyquist also developed a formula to determine that max amount of intelligence that can be described in a message. Of course, it still had its flaws for it only worked on a telegraph wires. Four laters later, in 1928, another engineer named R.V.L. Hartley wrote a paper that improved on Nyquists rule to work on more systems of transmission. This paper emphasised that transmitting information should only depend on making sure the transmission from start to end is distinguished, without outside signals intruding nor one worry about the meaning of the information. Shannon cited the works of both Nyquist and Hartley in his paper, and when interviewed decades later, he mentioned the importance of their ideas to his own (**). Now what is this all important information theory that keeps being mentioned? In its most basic form, it contains two parts. First, it gives the general idea of on the definition and measurement of information. Information is based on the logarithm of possible symbols availaible. Shannon used the logarithm base of 2, which mean that the smallest unit of information is represented by either a zero or a one, which was called a bit. Sound familiar? The second part of the information theory contains details on the limits of information being sent, as well as the effect of outside interference, also called noise, on the information. In the past, engineers were limited by how much information could be sent, often thinking it depended on factors like frequency. Shannon use his theory to prove that by using the concept of entropy, or randomness, along with statistical probability to get the maximum amount of information possible. Shannon was also proved how to transmit information error free , despite however much noise there may be. The information theory itself can be complex to understand, yet it is simple to understand its many benefits. These benefits that exist solely due to the existance of the information theory are diverse. Not only is the information theory used in communication and computing, but also in psychology, linguistics, and even thermal physics. Many plagiarism detection programs use the information theory in order to measure shared information. There is the coding theory, which is in its simplest terms error detection and correction. Computer programmers, for example, are assisted in debugging glitches in software using the coding theory. More important however, is that its the reason why CDs can still function properly even when scratched. The information theory led to data compression techniques, which in turn led to new useful file types such as ZIP and MP3. The theory was also crucial for the function of the internet. Even the success of space exploration programs depended on the informat ion theory to reduce the problems of noise and static caused from the enourmous distance between planets. The accomplishments made by Claude Shannon had a large impact on how the United States developed as well as how the world lives today. Just about anything in the world that uses information exists due to Claude Shannons work. Electronics, ranging from simple lamps to supercomputers, are all based upon digital circuitry. While it is arguable that someone would have came up with a similar idea of digital circuitry in the next decade, the United States benefited most from its immediate discovery. Shannon has also worked on cryptology during World War II, managing to help decode enemy transmissions and played a large role in the encryption of US messages. Even presently Claude Shannons influence is felt, new inventions are being created that depend on his ideas. It is much like a tree, where Shannon is the trunk with new innovations being the branches that continue to grow outward. Much of Shannons success is due to his insatiable hunger for knowledge. Most of the worlds population would be content to have done even a tenth of what Shannon has done, yet Shannon himself never was. This is likely because of Shannons child like personality. In his spare time, he developed numerous small trinkets. Not because his goal was fame and fortune, but simply because he wanted to. Why talk about his ground breaking information theory, when his juggling robots are just as important to him? Shannon just didnt want to stop thinking, even at an old age, because inventing and theorizing was fun for him. In an interview he stated, I am more interested in the elegance of a problem. Is it a good problem, an interesting problem? [66] Near the end of his life, he worked on artificial intelligences. Computers that could match the best chess players was an intriguing idea, just like his mouse that could adapt to solve any maze, or a rubix cube solver. While others his age were relaxing in retirement, Shannon enjoyed thinking of new ideas, theories, and discoveries. Talent or genius isnt determined by the efforts or intelligence of a person, but rather their ability to pursue their options whole heartedly.

How We Punish Offenders in Our System

Our correctional system punishes offenders, by putting them in jail, or in prison. In the early times, before prisons punishments were often cruel and torturous. The unsettling description of a man broken in half on a rack in the early 1700’s is just one of the ways crimes were punished at that time. Flogging was another. The last flogging was in Delaware on June 16,1952. When a burglar got 20 lashes. Workhouses, were an early form of prisons in the sixteenth century Europe. The Penitentiary Era, from 1790-1825, is when the first prison was started in the USA. They started with the Quakers in Philadelphia. The mass prison era started in the 1800’s and has gotten stronger today, beginning in the 1960’s overcrowding and a renewed faith in humanity inspired a movement away from institutionalized corrections and toward a creation of reformation within local communities. Prisons today, there are about 1,325 state prisons, 84, federal prisons in operation in the US. Today. America’s prison population has quadrupled since 1980. We also punish people by putting them in halfway houses, or group homes. The Federal Prison system is used for the civilians convicted of violating federal laws. Leavenworth, in Leavenworth Kansas. Today the federal systems consist of 103 institutions, six regional offices, two staff training centers, and 28 community corrections offices. Jails are another way of punishing the criminal. We can put them in a jail and hold them up to one year, before they either, get probation, or go on to a prison.

The Bean Trees- Outsider

In The Bean Trees by Barbara Kingsolver, being an outsider is not just one main theme, but it is one theme that is reoccurring throughout the whole book. When someone is an outsider, they are different from everyone else, and somewhat stand out. Right off the bat, outsiders don't fit into commonly used stereotypes. Kingsolver uses Taylor, Turtle, Esperanza, and Estevan to portray this theme. Taylor is an outsider because she is just not a typical girl. Unlike many other girls in her town, Taylor does not want to become pregnant. In fact, she wants to graduate from high-school, or at least intended to, and wants to have a good future.Even though Taylor doesn't want to get pregnant, she gets stuck with being a mother anyways. Taylor travels to find a more meaningful life, but she still feel like she doesn't fit in, or even belong. Because Taylor doesn't share any specific ‘bond' with anyone, she is an outsider. Later on in the novel, she meets Esperanza and Estevan, who share com mon values as her. Turtle, Taylor's adoptive daughter is as well an outsider. As Turtle was abused, she suffers to be an outsiders to her own body. Because of this, Turtle will never develop mentally as quick as other children her age. For the first half of The Bean Trees, Turtle is silent.She cannot communicate with others, as her own words are trapped inside of her body, causing her to be an outsider from the ones who love and surround her. Kingsolver converts the message that many different barriers can cause people to become outsiders, as Turtle's is a language barrier. When turtle finally overcomes these barriers and finds someone who shares common strengths and weaknesses, she is finally an insider. Esperanza is living in a country where she is not welcomes because of her culture. She was forced to give up her own child, and does not express herself because of a language barrier.Everyday, she lives holding her emotions inside, feeling as an outsider, thinking she doesn't even belong here, which eventually bottles up, and leads her to try and kill herself. Although she is married, she is still missing a puzzle piece, her daughter. Estevan is clearly an outsider, as well is his wife, Esperanza, because they are immigrants. Estevan is used to all of the hate against immigrants, and he becomes accustomed to being an outsider. Estevan states â€Å"What I really hate is not belonging in any place. To be unwanted everywhere. † Conveying these thoughts, Estevan believes him nor his wife, Esperanza, have a place in society.Later in the novel, Taylor, Esperanza, and Estevan become insiders as they find outsiders who they share common morals and bonds with. In life, everyone has numerous obstacles and barriers they think they may never overcome, but once they do, they are finally able to communicate to the world and create friendships with people who have similar interests. When everyone comes together as a family, each and every person is finally appreciate d for every attribute that makes them unique. Being an outsider is not particularly a bad thing, as it might just be what keeps one human and especially different from everyone else.

Ethics in Criminal Justice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 728 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Criminal Justice Essay Did you like this example? Daily people encounter various ethical dilemmas, which are analyzed with the help of ethical principles. Still, while resolving ethical challenges, it is important to take into consideration all peculiarities of the case in the perspective of present time. Undoubtedly, current approaches of dealing with ethical dilemmas are different from those, which were relevant 100 years ago. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Ethics in Criminal Justice" essay for you Create order The twenty-first century dictates the necessity of new effective approaches. Ethical principles of well-famous philosophers Aristotle, Kant, and Mills are peculiar in their methods of dealing with ethical dilemmas. The task of the essay is to define which one of these three ethical principles is the most appropriate approach to ethical challenges in the twenty-first century. For completing this task, it is necessary to analyze the nature of the mentioned principles and their effectiveness in present conditions. The Greek philosopher Aristotle developed the notion of virtuous person, who acts in a kind way in the majority of lifetime situations not for reasons of moral or social duty but for personal choice. According to Aristotle, well reasoning as a distinctive feature of humans makes them pay attention to the way their actions affect other people. At the same time, virtue ethics does not provide people with guidance of how they should act but emphasizes the importance of developing the excellent conduct, which can bring good to a person himself and people around him (Nussbaum, 1988). John Mill developed the notion of utility, according to which actions are considered right if they promote the overall human happiness. Therefore, the activity should be based on the desire to achieve the greatest pleasure to the greatest number of people. Achieving the stance of happiness, which is considered to be the absolute good, should be higher than narrow self-interest (Mill, 2016). In general, even i f a deed itself is not morally good, the final consequence of an action is the only things which matters. Immanuel Kant is focused on the notion of duty as the most effective method for dealing with ethical dilemmas. According to his theory, people are bound by duty to behave and act according to categorical imperatives despite of her personal intentions and desires. It is a well-known truth that ethical dilemmas require making a difficult choice between two alternatives, in case of which obeying one side usually leads to transgressing another. In my opinion, the virtue ethics by Aristotle is the most effective approach for dealing with such paradoxes. As it was mentioned above, the core principles of virtue ethics is the importance of conscious choice of moral conduct, which is made by each single person (Nussbaum, 1988). Namely, people should act good not out of obligation or duty but guided by the inner intention to improve their conduct. This theory claims that perfection of the whole world is possible only if every person in particular makes a choice in favor of good. Therefore, if every individual is attentive to the way his actions affect the world and other people, there will be no need in regulations and imperatives. In my point of view, the trouble of selfishness is especially relevant for the 21th century. The majority of people are or iented at self-satisfaction regardless of consequences it provides on other people lives. In order to improve this situation, each member of the society should change inside and make a conscious choice for good conduct for the benefit of himself and other peoples well-being. In my opinion, philosophies by Kant and Mill would not work as well as the ethics of virtue in todays world. Reaching the stance of overall human happiness is practically impossible task, as it is hardly probable to satisfy all members of the society with so different understanding of happiness and pleasure. Besides, it is wrong to pay attention only to results of an action leaving aside its morality, as it can lead to wrongful understanding of appropriate conduct. The same refers to the notion of duty expressed by Kant, according to which people should obey categorical imperatives acceptable in the society. In my opinion, blind adherence of regulative orders without inner morality can hardly lead to the overall well-being. On the contrary, Aristotelian ethics of virtue claims that global changes for the good start from the conscious inner transformation of every single person, which is more effective than strict performance of duties or reaching the absolute happiness of the largest number of people.